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% license-texts.tex -*- LaTeX -*-
% Tutorial Text for the Detailed Study and Analysis of GPL and LGPL course
%
% Copyright (C) 1989, 1991, 1999, 2002 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
\part{Full Texts of the GNU GPL and Related Licenses}
In this appendix, we include a full copy of GPLv2, GPLv3, LGPLv2.1,
LGPLv3, and AGPLv3. These are the most commonly used licenses in the GPL
family of licenses.
\chapter{The GNU General Public License, version 2}
\begin{center}
{\parindent 0in
Version 2, June 1991
Copyright \copyright\ 1989, 1991 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
\bigskip
59 Temple Place - Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA
\bigskip
Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies
of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.
}
\end{center}
\begin{center}
{\bf\large Preamble}
\end{center}
The licenses for most software are designed to take away your freedom
to share and change it. By contrast, the GNU General Public License is
intended to guarantee your freedom to share and change Free
Software---to make sure the software is free for all its users. This
General Public License applies to most of the Free Software
Foundation's software and to any other program whose authors commit to
using it. (Some other Free Software Foundation software is covered by
the GNU Library General Public License instead.) You can apply it to
your programs, too.
When we speak of Free Software, we are referring to freedom, not price.
Our General Public Licenses are designed to make sure that you have the
freedom to distribute copies of Free Software (and charge for this service
if you wish), that you receive source code or can get it if you want it,
that you can change the software or use pieces of it in new Free programs;
and that you know you can do these things.
To protect your rights, we need to make restrictions that forbid anyone to
deny you these rights or to ask you to surrender the rights. These
restrictions translate to certain responsibilities for you if you
distribute copies of the software, or if you modify it.
For example, if you distribute copies of such a program, whether gratis or
for a fee, you must give the recipients all the rights that you have. You
must make sure that they, too, receive or can get the source code. And
you must show them these terms so they know their rights.
We protect your rights with two steps: (1) copyright the software, and (2)
offer you this license which gives you legal permission to copy,
distribute and/or modify the software.
Also, for each author's protection and ours, we want to make certain that
everyone understands that there is no warranty for this Free Software. If
the software is modified by someone else and passed on, we want its
recipients to know that what they have is not the original, so that any
problems introduced by others will not reflect on the original authors'
reputations.
Finally, any Free program is threatened constantly by software patents.
We wish to avoid the danger that redistributors of a Free program will
individually obtain patent licenses, in effect making the program
proprietary. To prevent this, we have made it clear that any patent must
be licensed for everyone's free use or not licensed at all.
The precise terms and conditions for copying, distribution and
modification follow.
\begin{center}
{\Large \sc Terms and Conditions For Copying, Distribution and
Modification}
\end{center}
\begin{enumerate}
\addtocounter{enumi}{-1}
\item
This License applies to any program or other work which contains a notice
placed by the copyright holder saying it may be distributed under the
terms of this General Public License. The ``Program,'' below, refers to
any such program or work, and a ``work based on the Program'' means either
the Program or any derivative work under copyright law: that is to say, a
work containing the Program or a portion of it, either verbatim or with
modifications and/or translated into another language. (Hereinafter,
translation is included without limitation in the term ``modification.'')
Each licensee is addressed as ``you.''
Activities other than copying, distribution and modification are not
covered by this License; they are outside its scope. The act of
running the Program is not restricted, and the output from the Program
is covered only if its contents constitute a work based on the
Program (independent of having been made by running the Program).
Whether that is true depends on what the Program does.
\item You may copy and distribute verbatim copies of the Program's source
code as you receive it, in any medium, provided that you conspicuously
and appropriately publish on each copy an appropriate copyright notice
and disclaimer of warranty; keep intact all the notices that refer to
this License and to the absence of any warranty; and give any other
recipients of the Program a copy of this License along with the Program.
You may charge a fee for the physical act of transferring a copy, and you
may at your option offer warranty protection in exchange for a fee.
\item
You may modify your copy or copies of the Program or any portion
of it, thus forming a work based on the Program, and copy and
distribute such modifications or work under the terms of Section 1
above, provided that you also meet all of these conditions:
\begin{enumerate}
\item
You must cause the modified files to carry prominent notices stating that
you changed the files and the date of any change.
\item
You must cause any work that you distribute or publish, that in
whole or in part contains or is derived from the Program or any
part thereof, to be licensed as a whole at no charge to all third
parties under the terms of this License.
\item
If the modified program normally reads commands interactively
when run, you must cause it, when started running for such
interactive use in the most ordinary way, to print or display an
announcement including an appropriate copyright notice and a
notice that there is no warranty (or else, saying that you provide
a warranty) and that users may redistribute the program under
these conditions, and telling the user how to view a copy of this
License. (Exception: if the Program itself is interactive but
does not normally print such an announcement, your work based on
the Program is not required to print an announcement.)
\end{enumerate}
These requirements apply to the modified work as a whole. If
identifiable sections of that work are not derived from the Program,
and can be reasonably considered independent and separate works in
themselves, then this License, and its terms, do not apply to those
sections when you distribute them as separate works. But when you
distribute the same sections as part of a whole which is a work based
on the Program, the distribution of the whole must be on the terms of
this License, whose permissions for other licensees extend to the
entire whole, and thus to each and every part regardless of who wrote it.
Thus, it is not the intent of this section to claim rights or contest
your rights to work written entirely by you; rather, the intent is to
exercise the right to control the distribution of derivative or
collective works based on the Program.
In addition, mere aggregation of another work not based on the Program
with the Program (or with a work based on the Program) on a volume of
a storage or distribution medium does not bring the other work under
the scope of this License.
\item
You may copy and distribute the Program (or a work based on it,
under Section 2) in object code or executable form under the terms of
Sections 1 and 2 above provided that you also do one of the following:
\begin{enumerate}
\item
Accompany it with the complete corresponding machine-readable
source code, which must be distributed under the terms of Sections
1 and 2 above on a medium customarily used for software interchange; or,
\item
Accompany it with a written offer, valid for at least three
years, to give any third party, for a charge no more than your
cost of physically performing source distribution, a complete
machine-readable copy of the corresponding source code, to be
distributed under the terms of Sections 1 and 2 above on a medium
customarily used for software interchange; or,
\item
Accompany it with the information you received as to the offer
to distribute corresponding source code. (This alternative is
allowed only for noncommercial distribution and only if you
received the program in object code or executable form with such
an offer, in accord with Subsection b above.)
\end{enumerate}
The source code for a work means the preferred form of the work for
making modifications to it. For an executable work, complete source
code means all the source code for all modules it contains, plus any
associated interface definition files, plus the scripts used to
control compilation and installation of the executable. However, as a
special exception, the source code distributed need not include
anything that is normally distributed (in either source or binary
form) with the major components (compiler, kernel, and so on) of the
operating system on which the executable runs, unless that component
itself accompanies the executable.
If distribution of executable or object code is made by offering
access to copy from a designated place, then offering equivalent
access to copy the source code from the same place counts as
distribution of the source code, even though third parties are not
compelled to copy the source along with the object code.
\item
You may not copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute the Program
except as expressly provided under this License. Any attempt
otherwise to copy, modify, sublicense or distribute the Program is
void, and will automatically terminate your rights under this License.
However, parties who have received copies, or rights, from you under
this License will not have their licenses terminated so long as such
parties remain in full compliance.
\item
You are not required to accept this License, since you have not
signed it. However, nothing else grants you permission to modify or
distribute the Program or its derivative works. These actions are
prohibited by law if you do not accept this License. Therefore, by
modifying or distributing the Program (or any work based on the
Program), you indicate your acceptance of this License to do so, and
all its terms and conditions for copying, distributing or modifying
the Program or works based on it.
\item
Each time you redistribute the Program (or any work based on the
Program), the recipient automatically receives a license from the
original licensor to copy, distribute or modify the Program subject to
these terms and conditions. You may not impose any further
restrictions on the recipients' exercise of the rights granted herein.
You are not responsible for enforcing compliance by third parties to
this License.
\item
If, as a consequence of a court judgment or allegation of patent
infringement or for any other reason (not limited to patent issues),
conditions are imposed on you (whether by court order, agreement or
otherwise) that contradict the conditions of this License, they do not
excuse you from the conditions of this License. If you cannot
distribute so as to satisfy simultaneously your obligations under this
License and any other pertinent obligations, then as a consequence you
may not distribute the Program at all. For example, if a patent
license would not permit royalty-free redistribution of the Program by
all those who receive copies directly or indirectly through you, then
the only way you could satisfy both it and this License would be to
refrain entirely from distribution of the Program.
If any portion of this section is held invalid or unenforceable under
any particular circumstance, the balance of the section is intended to
apply and the section as a whole is intended to apply in other
circumstances.
It is not the purpose of this section to induce you to infringe any
patents or other property right claims or to contest validity of any
such claims; this section has the sole purpose of protecting the
integrity of the Free Software distribution system, which is
implemented by public license practices. Many people have made
generous contributions to the wide range of software distributed
through that system in reliance on consistent application of that
system; it is up to the author/donor to decide if he or she is willing
to distribute software through any other system and a licensee cannot
impose that choice.
This section is intended to make thoroughly clear what is believed to
be a consequence of the rest of this License.
\item
If the distribution and/or use of the Program is restricted in
certain countries either by patents or by copyrighted interfaces, the
original copyright holder who places the Program under this License
may add an explicit geographical distribution limitation excluding
those countries, so that distribution is permitted only in or among
countries not thus excluded. In such case, this License incorporates
the limitation as if written in the body of this License.
\item
The Free Software Foundation may publish revised and/or new versions
of the General Public License from time to time. Such new versions will
be similar in spirit to the present version, but may differ in detail to
address new problems or concerns.
Each version is given a distinguishing version number. If the Program
specifies a version number of this License which applies to it and ``any
later version,'' you have the option of following the terms and conditions
either of that version or of any later version published by the Free
Software Foundation. If the Program does not specify a version number of
this License, you may choose any version ever published by the Free Software
Foundation.
\item
If you wish to incorporate parts of the Program into other free
programs whose distribution conditions are different, write to the author
to ask for permission. For software which is copyrighted by the Free
Software Foundation, write to the Free Software Foundation; we sometimes
make exceptions for this. Our decision will be guided by the two goals
of preserving the free status of all derivatives of our Free Software and
of promoting the sharing and reuse of software generally.
\begin{center}
{\Large\sc
No Warranty
}
\end{center}
\item
{\sc Because the program is licensed free of charge, there is no warranty
for the program, to the extent permitted by applicable law. Except when
otherwise stated in writing the copyright holders and/or other parties
provide the program ``as is'' without warranty of any kind, either expressed
or implied, including, but not limited to, the implied warranties of
merchantability and fitness for a particular purpose. The entire risk as
to the quality and performance of the program is with you. Should the
program prove defective, you assume the cost of all necessary servicing,
repair or correction.}
\item {\sc In no event unless required by applicable law or agreed to
in writing will any copyright holder, or any other party who may
modify and/or redistribute the program as permitted above, be
liable to you for damages, including any general, special,
incidental or consequential damages arising out of the use or
inability to use the program (including but not limited to loss of
data or data being rendered inaccurate or losses sustained by you
or third parties or a failure of the program to operate with any
other programs), even if such holder or other party has been
advised of the possibility of such damages.}
\end{enumerate}
\begin{center}
{\Large\sc End of Terms and Conditions}
\end{center}
\vfill
\pagebreak[4]
\section*{Appendix: How to Apply These Terms to Your New Programs}
If you develop a new program, and you want it to be of the greatest
possible use to the public, the best way to achieve this is to make it
Free Software which everyone can redistribute and change under these
terms.
To do so, attach the following notices to the program. It is safest to
attach them to the start of each source file to most effectively convey
the exclusion of warranty; and each file should have at least the
``copyright'' line and a pointer to where the full notice is found.
\begin{quote}
one line to give the program's name and a brief idea of what it does. \\
Copyright (C) yyyy name of author \\
This program is Free Software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
(at your option) any later version.
This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
GNU General Public License for more details.
You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA.
\end{quote}
Also add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper mail.
If the program is interactive, make it output a short notice like this
when it starts in an interactive mode:
\begin{quote}
Gnomovision version 69, Copyright (C) yyyy name of author \\
Gnomovision comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY; for details type `show w'. \\
This is Free Software, and you are welcome to redistribute it
under certain conditions; type `show c' for details.
\end{quote}
The hypothetical commands {\tt show w} and {\tt show c} should show the
appropriate parts of the General Public License. Of course, the commands
you use may be called something other than {\tt show w} and {\tt show c};
they could even be mouse-clicks or menu items---whatever suits your
program.
You should also get your employer (if you work as a programmer) or your
school, if any, to sign a ``copyright disclaimer'' for the program, if
necessary. Here is a sample; alter the names:
\begin{quote}
Yoyodyne, Inc., hereby disclaims all copyright interest in the program \\
`Gnomovision' (which makes passes at compilers) written by James Hacker. \\
signature of Ty Coon, 1 April 1989 \\
Ty Coon, President of Vice
\end{quote}
This General Public License does not permit incorporating your program
into proprietary programs. If your program is a subroutine library, you
may consider it more useful to permit linking proprietary applications
with the library. If this is what you want to do, use the GNU Library
General Public License instead of this License.
\chapter{The GNU Lesser General Public License, version 2.1}
\begin{center}
{\parindent 0in
Version 2.1, February 1999
Copyright \copyright\ 1991, 1999 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
\bigskip
59 Temple Place - Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA
\bigskip
Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies
of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.
\bigskip
[This is the first released version of the Lesser GPL. It also counts
as the successor of the GNU Library Public License version 2, hence
the version number 2.1.]
}
\end{center}
\begin{center}
{\bf\large Preamble}
\end{center}
The licenses for most software are designed to take away your freedom to
share and change it. By contrast, the GNU General Public Licenses are
intended to guarantee your freedom to share and change Free Software---to
make sure the software is free for all its users.
This license, the Lesser General Public License, applies to some specially
designated software packages---typically libraries---of the Free Software
Foundation and other authors who decide to use it. You can use it too,
but we suggest you first think carefully about whether this license or the
ordinary General Public License is the better strategy to use in any
particular case, based on the explanations below.
When we speak of Free Software, we are referring to freedom of use, not
price. Our General Public Licenses are designed to make sure that you
have the freedom to distribute copies of Free Software (and charge for
this service if you wish); that you receive source code or can get it if
you want it; that you can change the software and use pieces of it in new
Free programs; and that you are informed that you can do these things.
To protect your rights, we need to make restrictions that forbid
distributors to deny you these rights or to ask you to surrender these
rights. These restrictions translate to certain responsibilities for you
if you distribute copies of the library or if you modify it.
For example, if you distribute copies of the library, whether gratis or
for a fee, you must give the recipients all the rights that we gave you.
You must make sure that they, too, receive or can get the source code. If
you link other code with the library, you must provide complete object
files to the recipients, so that they can relink them with the library
after making changes to the library and recompiling it. And you must show
them these terms so they know their rights.
We protect your rights with a two-step method: (1) we copyright the
library, and (2) we offer you this license, which gives you legal
permission to copy, distribute and/or modify the library.
To protect each distributor, we want to make it very clear that there is
no warranty for the Free library. Also, if the library is modified by
someone else and passed on, the recipients should know that what they have
is not the original version, so that the original author's reputation will
not be affected by problems that might be introduced by others.
Finally, software patents pose a constant threat to the existence of any
Free program. We wish to make sure that a company cannot effectively
restrict the users of a Free program by obtaining a restrictive license
from a patent holder. Therefore, we insist that any patent license
obtained for a version of the library must be consistent with the full
freedom of use specified in this license.
Most GNU software, including some libraries, is covered by the ordinary
GNU General Public License. This license, the GNU Lesser General Public
License, applies to certain designated libraries, and is quite different
from the ordinary General Public License. We use this license for certain
libraries in order to permit linking those libraries into non-Free
programs.
When a program is linked with a library, whether statically or using a
shared library, the combination of the two is legally speaking a combined
work, a derivative of the original library. The ordinary General Public
License therefore permits such linking only if the entire combination fits
its criteria of freedom. The Lesser General Public License permits more
lax criteria for linking other code with the library.
We call this license the ``Lesser'' General Public License because it does
Less to protect the user's freedom than the ordinary General Public
License. It also provides other Free Software developers Less of an
advantage over competing non-Free programs. These disadvantages are the
reason we use the ordinary General Public License for many libraries.
However, the Lesser license provides advantages in certain special
circumstances.
For example, on rare occasions, there may be a special need to encourage
the widest possible use of a certain library, so that it becomes a
de-facto standard. To achieve this, non-Free programs must be allowed to
use the library. A more frequent case is that a Free library does the
same job as widely used non-Free libraries. In this case, there is little
to gain by limiting the Free library to Free Software only, so we use the
Lesser General Public License.
In other cases, permission to use a particular library in non-Free
programs enables a greater number of people to use a large body of Free
software. For example, permission to use the GNU C Library in non-Free
programs enables many more people to use the whole GNU operating system,
as well as its variant, the GNU/Linux operating system.
Although the Lesser General Public License is Less protective of the
users' freedom, it does ensure that the user of a program that is linked
with the library has the freedom and the wherewithal to run that program
using a modified version of the library.
The precise terms and conditions for copying, distribution and
modification follow. Pay close attention to the difference between a
``work based on the library'' and a ``work that uses the library.'' The
former contains code derived from the library, whereas the latter must be
combined with the library in order to run.
\begin{center}
{\Large \sc GNU Lesser General Public License} \\
{\Large \sc Terms and Conditions For Copying, Distribution and
Modification}
\end{center}
\begin{enumerate}
\addtocounter{enumi}{-1}
\item
This License Agreement applies to any software library or other program
which contains a notice placed by the copyright holder or other authorized
party saying it may be distributed under the terms of this Lesser General
Public License (also called ``this License''). Each licensee is addressed
as ``you.''
A ``library'' means a collection of software functions and/or data
prepared so as to be conveniently linked with application programs (which
use some of those functions and data) to form executables.
The ``library,'' below, refers to any such software library or work which
has been distributed under these terms. A ``work based on the library''
means either the library or any derivative work under copyright law: that
is to say, a work containing the library or a portion of it, either
verbatim or with modifications and/or translated straightforwardly into
another language. (Hereinafter, translation is included without
limitation in the term ``modification.'')
``Source code'' for a work means the preferred form of the work for making
modifications to it. For a library, complete source code means all the
source code for all modules it contains, plus any associated interface
definition files, plus the scripts used to control compilation and
installation of the library.
Activities other than copying, distribution and modification are not
covered by this License; they are outside its scope. The act of running a
program using the library is not restricted, and output from such a
program is covered only if its contents constitute a work based on the
library (independent of the use of the library in a tool for writing it).
Whether that is true depends on what the library does and what the program
that uses the library does.
\item
You may copy and distribute verbatim copies of the library's complete
source code as you receive it, in any medium, provided that you
conspicuously and appropriately publish on each copy an appropriate
copyright notice and disclaimer of warranty; keep intact all the notices
that refer to this License and to the absence of any warranty; and
distribute a copy of this License along with the library.
You may charge a fee for the physical act of transferring a copy,
and you may at your option offer warranty protection in exchange for a
fee.
\item
You may modify your copy or copies of the library or any portion of it,
thus forming a work based on the library, and copy and distribute such
modifications or work under the terms of Section 1 above, provided that
you also meet all of these conditions:
\begin{enumerate}
\item
The modified work must itself be a software library.
\item
You must cause the files modified to carry prominent notices stating
that you changed the files and the date of any change.
\item
You must cause the whole of the work to be licensed at no charge to
all third parties under the terms of this License.
\item
If a facility in the modified library refers to a function or a table
of data to be supplied by an application program that uses the
facility, other than as an argument passed when the facility is
invoked, then you must make a good faith effort to ensure that, in the
event an application does not supply such function or table, the
facility still operates, and performs whatever part of its purpose
remains meaningful.
(For example, a function in a library to compute square roots has a
purpose that is entirely well-defined independent of the application.
Therefore, Subsection 2d requires that any application-supplied function
or table used by this function must be optional: if the application does
not supply it, the square root function must still compute square roots.)
\end{enumerate}
These requirements apply to the modified work as a whole. If identifiable
sections of that work are not derived from the library, and can be
reasonably considered independent and separate works in themselves, then
this License, and its terms, do not apply to those sections when you
distribute them as separate works. But when you distribute the same
sections as part of a whole which is a work based on the library, the
distribution of the whole must be on the terms of this License, whose
permissions for other licensees extend to the entire whole, and thus to
each and every part regardless of who wrote it.
Thus, it is not the intent of this section to claim rights or contest your
rights to work written entirely by you; rather, the intent is to exercise
the right to control the distribution of derivative or collective works
based on the library.
In addition, mere aggregation of another work not based on the library
with the library (or with a work based on the library) on a volume of a
storage or distribution medium does not bring the other work under the
scope of this License.
\item
You may opt to apply the terms of the ordinary GNU General Public License
instead of this License to a given copy of the library. To do this, you
must alter all the notices that refer to this License, so that they refer
to the ordinary GNU General Public License version 2, instead of to this
License. (If a newer version than version 2 of the ordinary GNU General
Public License has appeared, then you can specify that version instead if
you wish.) Do not make any other change in these notices.
Once this change is made in a given copy, it is irreversible for that
copy, so the ordinary GNU General Public License applies to all subsequent
copies and derivative works made from that copy.
This option is useful when you wish to copy part of the code of the
library into a program that is not a library.
\item
You may copy and distribute the library (or a portion or derivative of it,
under Section 2) in object code or executable form under the terms of
Sections 1 and 2 above provided that you accompany it with the complete
corresponding machine-readable source code, which must be distributed
under the terms of Sections 1 and 2 above on a medium customarily used for
software interchange.
If distribution of object code is made by offering access to copy from a
designated place, then offering equivalent access to copy the source code
from the same place satisfies the requirement to distribute the source
code, even though third parties are not compelled to copy the source along
with the object code.
\item
A program that contains no derivative of any portion of the library, but
is designed to work with the library by being compiled or linked with it,
is called a ``work that uses the library.'' Such a work, in isolation, is
not a derivative work of the library, and therefore falls outside the
scope of this License.
However, linking a ``work that uses the library'' with the library creates
an executable that is a derivative of the library (because it contains
portions of the library), rather than a ``work that uses the library.''
The executable is therefore covered by this License. Section 6 states
terms for distribution of such executables.
When a ``work that uses the library'' uses material from a header file
that is part of the library, the object code for the work may be a
derivative work of the library even though the source code is not.
Whether this is true is especially significant if the work can be linked
without the library, or if the work is itself a library. The threshold
for this to be true is not precisely defined by law.
If such an object file uses only numerical parameters, data structure
layouts and accessors, and small macros and small inline functions (ten
lines or less in length), then the use of the object file is unrestricted,
regardless of whether it is legally a derivative work. (Executables
containing this object code plus portions of the library will still fall
under Section 6.)
Otherwise, if the work is a derivative of the library, you may distribute
the object code for the work under the terms of Section 6. Any
executables containing that work also fall under Section 6, whether or not
they are linked directly with the library itself.
\item
As an exception to the Sections above, you may also combine or link a
``work that uses the library'' with the library to produce a work
containing portions of the library, and distribute that work under terms
of your choice, provided that the terms permit modification of the work
for the customer's own use and reverse engineering for debugging such
modifications.
You must give prominent notice with each copy of the work that the library
is used in it and that the library and its use are covered by this
License. You must supply a copy of this License. If the work during
execution displays copyright notices, you must include the copyright
notice for the library among them, as well as a reference directing the
user to the copy of this License. Also, you must do one of these things:
\begin{enumerate}
\item
Accompany the work with the complete corresponding machine-readable
source code for the library including whatever changes were used in
the work (which must be distributed under Sections 1 and 2 above);
and, if the work is an executable linked with the library, with the
complete machine-readable ``work that uses the library,'' as object
code and/or source code, so that the user can modify the library and
then relink to produce a modified executable containing the modified
library. (It is understood that the user who changes the contents of
definitions files in the library will not necessarily be able to
recompile the application to use the modified definitions.)
\item
Use a suitable shared library mechanism for linking with the library.
A suitable mechanism is one that (1) uses at run time a copy of the
library already present on the user's computer system, rather than
copying library functions into the executable, and (2) will operate
properly with a modified version of the library, if the user installs
one, as long as the modified version is interface-compatible with the
version that the work was made with.
\item
Accompany the work with a written offer, valid for at least three
years, to give the same user the materials specified in Subsection 6a,
above, for a charge no more than the cost of performing this
distribution.
\item
If distribution of the work is made by offering access to copy from a
designated place, offer equivalent access to copy the above specified
materials from the same place.
\item
Verify that the user has already received a copy of these materials or
that you have already sent this user a copy.
\end{enumerate}
For an executable, the required form of the ``work that uses the library''
must include any data and utility programs needed for reproducing the
executable from it. However, as a special exception, the materials to be
distributed need not include anything that is normally distributed (in
either source or binary form) with the major components (compiler, kernel,
and so on) of the operating system on which the executable runs, unless
that component itself accompanies the executable.
It may happen that this requirement contradicts the license restrictions
of other proprietary libraries that do not normally accompany the
operating system. Such a contradiction means you cannot use both them and
the library together in an executable that you distribute.
\item
You may place library facilities that are a work based on the library
side-by-side in a single library together with other library facilities
not covered by this License, and distribute such a combined library,
provided that the separate distribution of the work based on the library
and of the other library facilities is otherwise permitted, and provided
that you do these two things:
\begin{enumerate}
\item
Accompany the combined library with a copy of the same work based on
the library, uncombined with any other library facilities. This must
be distributed under the terms of the Sections above.
\item
Give prominent notice with the combined library of the fact that part
of it is a work based on the library, and explaining where to find
the accompanying uncombined form of the same work.
\end{enumerate}
\item
You may not copy, modify, sublicense, link with, or distribute the
library except as expressly provided under this License. Any attempt
otherwise to copy, modify, sublicense, link with, or distribute the
library is void, and will automatically terminate your rights under this
License. However, parties who have received copies, or rights, from you
under this License will not have their licenses terminated so long as
such parties remain in full compliance.
\item
You are not required to accept this License, since you have not signed
it. However, nothing else grants you permission to modify or distribute
the library or its derivative works. These actions are prohibited by
law if you do not accept this License. Therefore, by modifying or
distributing the library (or any work based on the library), you
indicate your acceptance of this License to do so, and all its terms and
conditions for copying, distributing or modifying the library or works
based on it.
\item
Each time you redistribute the library (or any work based on the
library), the recipient automatically receives a license from the
original licensor to copy, distribute, link with or modify the library
subject to these terms and conditions. You may not impose any further
restrictions on the recipients' exercise of the rights granted herein.
You are not responsible for enforcing compliance by third parties with
this License.
\item
If, as a consequence of a court judgment or allegation of patent
infringement or for any other reason (not limited to patent issues),
conditions are imposed on you (whether by court order, agreement or
otherwise) that contradict the conditions of this License, they do not
excuse you from the conditions of this License. If you cannot
distribute so as to satisfy simultaneously your obligations under this
License and any other pertinent obligations, then as a consequence you
may not distribute the library at all. For example, if a patent license
would not permit royalty-free redistribution of the library by all those
who receive copies directly or indirectly through you, then the only way
you could satisfy both it and this License would be to refrain entirely
from distribution of the library.
If any portion of this section is held invalid or unenforceable under
any particular circumstance, the balance of the section is intended to
apply, and the section as a whole is intended to apply in other
circumstances.
It is not the purpose of this section to induce you to infringe any
patents or other property right claims or to contest validity of any
such claims; this section has the sole purpose of protecting the
integrity of the Free Software distribution system which is implemented
by public license practices. Many people have made generous
contributions to the wide range of software distributed through that
system in reliance on consistent application of that system; it is up to
the author/donor to decide if he or she is willing to distribute
software through any other system and a licensee cannot impose that
choice.
This section is intended to make thoroughly clear what is believed to be
a consequence of the rest of this License.
% \pagebreak[4]
\item
If the distribution and/or use of the library is restricted in certain
countries either by patents or by copyrighted interfaces, the original
copyright holder who places the library under this License may add an
explicit geographical distribution limitation excluding those countries,
so that distribution is permitted only in or among countries not thus
excluded. In such case, this License incorporates the limitation as if
written in the body of this License.
\item
The Free Software Foundation may publish revised and/or new versions of
the Lesser General Public License from time to time. Such new versions
will be similar in spirit to the present version, but may differ in
detail to address new problems or concerns.
Each version is given a distinguishing version number. If the library
specifies a version number of this License which applies to it and ``any
later version,'' you have the option of following the terms and
conditions either of that version or of any later version published by
the Free Software Foundation. If the library does not specify a license
version number, you may choose any version ever published by the Free
Software Foundation.
\item
If you wish to incorporate parts of the library into other Free programs
whose distribution conditions are incompatible with these, write to the
author to ask for permission. For software which is copyrighted by the
Free Software Foundation, write to the Free Software Foundation; we
sometimes make exceptions for this. Our decision will be guided by the
two goals of preserving the Free status of all derivatives of our Free
software and of promoting the sharing and reuse of software generally.
\begin{center}
{\Large\sc
No Warranty
}
\end{center}
\item
{\sc Because the library is licensed free of charge, there is no
warranty for the library, to the extent permitted by applicable law.
Except when otherwise stated in writing the copyright holders and/or
other parties provide the library ``as is'' without warranty of any
kind, either expressed or implied, including, but not limited to, the
implied warranties of merchantability and fitness for a particular
purpose. The entire risk as to the quality and performance of the
library is with you. should the library prove defective, you assume
the cost of all necessary servicing, repair or correction.}
% \pagebreak[4]
\item
{\sc In no event unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing
will any copyright holder, or any other party who may modify and/or
redistribute the library as permitted above, be liable to you for
damages, including any general, special, incidental or consequential
damages arising out of the use or inability to use the library
(including but not limited to loss of data or data being rendered
inaccurate or losses sustained by you or third parties or a failure of
the library to operate with any other software), even if such holder or
other party has been advised of the possibility of such damages.}
\end{enumerate}
\begin{center}
{\Large\sc End of Terms and Conditions}
\end{center}
\vfill
\pagebreak[4]
\section*{How to Apply These Terms to Your New Libraries}
If you develop a new library, and you want it to be of the greatest
possible use to the public, we recommend making it Free Software that
everyone can redistribute and change. You can do so by permitting
redistribution under these terms (or, alternatively, under the terms of
the ordinary General Public License).
To apply these terms, attach the following notices to the library. It is
safest to attach them to the start of each source file to most effectively
convey the exclusion of warranty; and each file should have at least the
``copyright'' line and a pointer to where the full notice is found.
\begin{quote}
one line to give the library's name and a brief idea of what it does. \\
Copyright (C) year name of author \\
This library is Free Software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or (at
your option) any later version.
This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY
or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU Lesser General Public
License for more details.
You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
along with this library; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,
Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307 USA
\end{quote}
Also add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper mail.
You should also get your employer (if you work as a programmer) or your
school, if any, to sign a ``copyright disclaimer'' for the library, if
necessary. Here is a sample; alter the names:
\begin{quote}
Yoyodyne, Inc., hereby disclaims all copyright interest in the program \\
`Gnomovision' (which makes passes at compilers) written by James Hacker. \\
signature of Ty Coon, 1 April 1990 \\
Ty Coon, President of Vice
\end{quote}
\chapter{The GNU General Public License, version 3}
% FIXME
\chapter{The Affero General Public License, version 3}
% FIXME, this is version 1 below.
\begin{center}
{\parindent 0in
Version 1, March 2002
Copyright \copyright\ 2002 Affero, Inc.
\bigskip
510 Third Street - Suite 225, San Francisco, CA 94107, USA
\bigskip
This license is a modified version of the GNU General Public License
copyright (C) 1989, 1991 Free Software Foundation, Inc. made with
their permission. Section 2(d) has been added to cover use of software
over a computer network.
Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies
of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.
}
\end{center}
\begin{center}
{\bf\large Preamble}
\end{center}
The licenses for most software are designed to take away your freedom
to share and change it. By contrast, the Affero General Public License
is intended to guarantee your freedom to share and change free
software--to make sure the software is free for all its users. This
Public License applies to most of Affero's software and to any other
program whose authors commit to using it. (Some other Affero software
is covered by the GNU Library General Public License instead.) You can
apply it to your programs, too.
When we speak of free software, we are referring to freedom, not price. This General Public License is designed to make sure that you have the freedom to distribute copies of free software (and charge for this service if you wish), that you receive source code or can get it if you want it, that you can change the software or use pieces of it in new free programs; and that you know you can do these things.
To protect your rights, we need to make restrictions that forbid anyone to deny you these rights or to ask you to surrender the rights. These restrictions translate to certain responsibilities for you if you distribute copies of the software, or if you modify it.
For example, if you distribute copies of such a program, whether gratis or for a fee, you must give the recipients all the rights that you have. You must make sure that they, too, receive or can get the source code. And you must show them these terms so they know their rights.
We protect your rights with two steps: (1) copyright the software, and (2) offer you this license which gives you legal permission to copy, distribute and/or modify the software.
Also, for each author's protection and ours, we want to make certain that everyone understands that there is no warranty for this free software. If the software is modified by someone else and passed on, we want its recipients to know that what they have is not the original, so that any problems introduced by others will not reflect on the original authors' reputations.
Finally, any free program is threatened constantly by software patents. We wish to avoid the danger that redistributors of a free program will individually obtain patent licenses, in effect making the program proprietary. To prevent this, we have made it clear that any patent must be licensed for everyone's free use or not licensed at all.
The precise terms and conditions for copying, distribution and modification follow.
\begin{center}
{\Large \sc Terms and Conditions For Copying, Distribution and
Modification}
\end{center}
\begin{enumerate}
\addtocounter{enumi}{-1}
\item
This License applies to any program or other work which contains a
notice placed by the copyright holder saying it may be distributed
under the terms of this Affero General Public License. The
``Program'', below, refers to any such program or work, and a ``work
based on the Program'' means either the Program or any derivative work
under copyright law: that is to say, a work containing the Program or
a portion of it, either verbatim or with modifications and/or
translated into another language. (Hereinafter, translation is
included without limitation in the term ``modification''.) Each
licensee is addressed as ``you''.
Activities other than copying, distribution and modification are not
covered by this License; they are outside its scope. The act of
running the Program is not restricted, and the output from the Program
is covered only if its contents constitute a work based on the
Program (independent of having been made by running the Program).
Whether that is true depends on what the Program does.
\item You may copy and distribute verbatim copies of the Program's source
code as you receive it, in any medium, provided that you conspicuously
and appropriately publish on each copy an appropriate copyright notice
and disclaimer of warranty; keep intact all the notices that refer to
this License and to the absence of any warranty; and give any other
recipients of the Program a copy of this License along with the Program.
You may charge a fee for the physical act of transferring a copy, and you
may at your option offer warranty protection in exchange for a fee.
\item
You may modify your copy or copies of the Program or any portion
of it, thus forming a work based on the Program, and copy and
distribute such modifications or work under the terms of Section 1
above, provided that you also meet all of these conditions:
\begin{enumerate}
\item
You must cause the modified files to carry prominent notices stating that
you changed the files and the date of any change.
\item
You must cause any work that you distribute or publish, that in
whole or in part contains or is derived from the Program or any
part thereof, to be licensed as a whole at no charge to all third
parties under the terms of this License.
\item
If the modified program normally reads commands interactively
when run, you must cause it, when started running for such
interactive use in the most ordinary way, to print or display an
announcement including an appropriate copyright notice and a
notice that there is no warranty (or else, saying that you provide
a warranty) and that users may redistribute the program under
these conditions, and telling the user how to view a copy of this
License. (Exception: if the Program itself is interactive but
does not normally print such an announcement, your work based on
the Program is not required to print an announcement.)
\item
\textbf{If the Program as you received it is intended to interact with users
through a computer network and if, in the version you received, any
user interacting with the Program was given the opportunity to request
transmission to that user of the Program's complete source code, you
must not remove that facility from your modified version of the
Program or work based on the Program, and must offer an equivalent
opportunity for all users interacting with your Program through a
computer network to request immediate transmission by HTTP of the
complete source code of your modified version or other derivative
work.}
\end{enumerate}
These requirements apply to the modified work as a whole. If
identifiable sections of that work are not derived from the Program,
and can be reasonably considered independent and separate works in
themselves, then this License, and its terms, do not apply to those
sections when you distribute them as separate works. But when you
distribute the same sections as part of a whole which is a work based
on the Program, the distribution of the whole must be on the terms of
this License, whose permissions for other licensees extend to the
entire whole, and thus to each and every part regardless of who wrote it.
Thus, it is not the intent of this section to claim rights or contest
your rights to work written entirely by you; rather, the intent is to
exercise the right to control the distribution of derivative or
collective works based on the Program.
In addition, mere aggregation of another work not based on the Program
with the Program (or with a work based on the Program) on a volume of
a storage or distribution medium does not bring the other work under
the scope of this License.
\item
You may copy and distribute the Program (or a work based on it,
under Section 2) in object code or executable form under the terms of
Sections 1 and 2 above provided that you also do one of the following:
\begin{enumerate}
\item
Accompany it with the complete corresponding machine-readable
source code, which must be distributed under the terms of Sections
1 and 2 above on a medium customarily used for software interchange; or,
\item
Accompany it with a written offer, valid for at least three
years, to give any third party, for a charge no more than your
cost of physically performing source distribution, a complete
machine-readable copy of the corresponding source code, to be
distributed under the terms of Sections 1 and 2 above on a medium
customarily used for software interchange; or,
\item
Accompany it with the information you received as to the offer
to distribute corresponding source code. (This alternative is
allowed only for noncommercial distribution and only if you
received the program in object code or executable form with such
an offer, in accord with Subsection b above.)
\end{enumerate}
The source code for a work means the preferred form of the work for
making modifications to it. For an executable work, complete source
code means all the source code for all modules it contains, plus any
associated interface definition files, plus the scripts used to
control compilation and installation of the executable. However, as a
special exception, the source code distributed need not include
anything that is normally distributed (in either source or binary
form) with the major components (compiler, kernel, and so on) of the
operating system on which the executable runs, unless that component
itself accompanies the executable.
If distribution of executable or object code is made by offering
access to copy from a designated place, then offering equivalent
access to copy the source code from the same place counts as
distribution of the source code, even though third parties are not
compelled to copy the source along with the object code.
\item
You may not copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute the Program
except as expressly provided under this License. Any attempt
otherwise to copy, modify, sublicense or distribute the Program is
void, and will automatically terminate your rights under this License.
However, parties who have received copies, or rights, from you under
this License will not have their licenses terminated so long as such
parties remain in full compliance.
\item
You are not required to accept this License, since you have not
signed it. However, nothing else grants you permission to modify or
distribute the Program or its derivative works. These actions are
prohibited by law if you do not accept this License. Therefore, by
modifying or distributing the Program (or any work based on the
Program), you indicate your acceptance of this License to do so, and
all its terms and conditions for copying, distributing or modifying
the Program or works based on it.
\item
Each time you redistribute the Program (or any work based on the
Program), the recipient automatically receives a license from the
original licensor to copy, distribute or modify the Program subject to
these terms and conditions. You may not impose any further
restrictions on the recipients' exercise of the rights granted herein.
You are not responsible for enforcing compliance by third parties to
this License.
\item
If, as a consequence of a court judgment or allegation of patent
infringement or for any other reason (not limited to patent issues),
conditions are imposed on you (whether by court order, agreement or
otherwise) that contradict the conditions of this License, they do not
excuse you from the conditions of this License. If you cannot
distribute so as to satisfy simultaneously your obligations under this
License and any other pertinent obligations, then as a consequence you
may not distribute the Program at all. For example, if a patent
license would not permit royalty-free redistribution of the Program by
all those who receive copies directly or indirectly through you, then
the only way you could satisfy both it and this License would be to
refrain entirely from distribution of the Program.
If any portion of this section is held invalid or unenforceable under
any particular circumstance, the balance of the section is intended to
apply and the section as a whole is intended to apply in other
circumstances.
It is not the purpose of this section to induce you to infringe any
patents or other property right claims or to contest validity of any
such claims; this section has the sole purpose of protecting the
integrity of the free software distribution system, which is
implemented by public license practices. Many people have made
generous contributions to the wide range of software distributed
through that system in reliance on consistent application of that
system; it is up to the author/donor to decide if he or she is willing
to distribute software through any other system and a licensee cannot
impose that choice.
This section is intended to make thoroughly clear what is believed to
be a consequence of the rest of this License.
\item
If the distribution and/or use of the Program is restricted in
certain countries either by patents or by copyrighted interfaces, the
original copyright holder who places the Program under this License
may add an explicit geographical distribution limitation excluding
those countries, so that distribution is permitted only in or among
countries not thus excluded. In such case, this License incorporates
the limitation as if written in the body of this License.
\item
\textbf{Affero Inc. may publish revised and/or new versions of the Affero
General Public License from time to time. Such new versions will be
similar in spirit to the present version, but may differ in detail to
address new problems or concerns.}
\textbf{Each version is given a distinguishing version number. If the Program
specifies a version number of this License which applies to it and
``any later version'', you have the option of following the terms and
conditions either of that version or of any later version published by
Affero, Inc. If the Program does not specify a version number of this
License, you may choose any version ever published by Affero, Inc.}
\textbf{You may also choose to redistribute modified versions of this program
under any version of the Free Software Foundation's GNU General Public
License version 3 or higher, so long as that version of the GNU GPL
includes terms and conditions substantially equivalent to those of
this license.}
\item
If you wish to incorporate parts of the Program into other free
programs whose distribution conditions are different, write to the
author to ask for permission. For software which is copyrighted by
Affero, Inc., write to us; we sometimes make exceptions for this. Our
decision will be guided by the two goals of preserving the free status
of all derivatives of our free software and of promoting the sharing
and reuse of software generally.
\begin{center}
{\Large\sc
No Warranty
}
\end{center}
\item
{\sc Because the program is licensed free of charge, there is no warranty
for the program, to the extent permitted by applicable law. Except when
otherwise stated in writing the copyright holders and/or other parties
provide the program ``as is'' without warranty of any kind, either expressed
or implied, including, but not limited to, the implied warranties of
merchantability and fitness for a particular purpose. The entire risk as
to the quality and performance of the program is with you. Should the
program prove defective, you assume the cost of all necessary servicing,
repair or correction.}
\item
{\sc In no event unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing
will any copyright holder, or any other party who may modify and/or
redistribute the program as permitted above, be liable to you for damages,
including any general, special, incidental or consequential damages arising
out of the use or inability to use the program (including but not limited
to loss of data or data being rendered inaccurate or losses sustained by
you or third parties or a failure of the program to operate with any other
programs), even if such holder or other party has been advised of the
possibility of such damages.}
\end{enumerate}
That's all there is to it!
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