consistent fn follows punctuation
This commit is contained in:
		
							parent
							
								
									37bdf9cadd
								
							
						
					
					
						commit
						9641e72df0
					
				
					 1 changed files with 32 additions and 32 deletions
				
			
		
							
								
								
									
										64
									
								
								gpl-lgpl.tex
									
										
									
									
									
								
							
							
						
						
									
										64
									
								
								gpl-lgpl.tex
									
										
									
									
									
								
							|  | @ -292,9 +292,9 @@ pillar of altruistic sharing of improved Free Software. Historically | |||
| it was typical for a | ||||
| Free Software project to sprout a mailing list where improvements | ||||
| would be shared | ||||
| freely among members of the development community\footnote{This is still | ||||
| freely among members of the development community.\footnote{This is still | ||||
| commonly the case, though today there are additional ways of | ||||
| sharing Free Software.}.   Such noncommercial | ||||
| sharing Free Software.}  Such noncommercial | ||||
| sharing is the primary reason that Free Software thrives. | ||||
| 
 | ||||
| Commercial sharing of modified Free Software is equally important. | ||||
|  | @ -578,8 +578,8 @@ available to subjugate users.  For example: | |||
| 
 | ||||
| \item Digital Restrictions Management (usually called \defn{DRM}) is often | ||||
|   used to impose technological restrictions on users' ability to exercise | ||||
|   software freedom that they might otherwise be granted\footnote{See | ||||
|     \S~\ref{GPLv3-drm} for more information on how GPL deals with this issue.}. | ||||
|   software freedom that they might otherwise be granted.\footnote{See | ||||
|     \S~\ref{GPLv3-drm} for more information on how GPL deals with this issue.} | ||||
|   The simplest (and perhaps oldest) form of DRM, of course, is separating | ||||
|   software source code (read by humans), from their compiled binaries (read | ||||
|   only by computers).  Furthermore, | ||||
|  | @ -671,9 +671,9 @@ to fuel a commercial system around that software. | |||
| For example, consider the Samba file server system that allows Unix-like | ||||
| systems (including GNU/Linux) to serve files to Microsoft Windows systems. | ||||
| Two graduate students originally developed Samba in their spare time and | ||||
| it was deployed noncommercially in academic environments\footnote{See | ||||
| it was deployed noncommercially in academic environments.\footnote{See | ||||
|   \href{http://turtle.ee.ncku.edu.tw/docs/samba/history}{Andrew Tridgell's | ||||
|     ``A bit of history and a bit of fun''}}.  However, very | ||||
|     ``A bit of history and a bit of fun''}}  However, very | ||||
| soon for-profit companies discovered that the software could work for them | ||||
| as well, and their system administrators began to use it in place of | ||||
| Microsoft Windows NT file-servers.  This served to lower the cost of | ||||
|  | @ -821,13 +821,13 @@ implementation that assured software freedom for all.  However, RMS saw that | |||
| using a license that gave but did not assure software freedom would be | ||||
| counter to the goals of the GNU project.  RMS invented ``copyleft'' as an | ||||
| answer to that problem, and began using various copyleft licenses for the | ||||
| early GNU project programs\footnote{RMS writes more fully about this topic in | ||||
| early GNU project programs.\footnote{RMS writes more fully about this topic in | ||||
|   his essay entitled simply | ||||
|   \href{http://www.gnu.org/gnu/thegnuproject.html}{\textit{The GNU Project}}. | ||||
|     For those who want to hear the story in his own voice, | ||||
|     \href{http://audio-video.gnu.org/audio/}{speech recordings} of his talk, | ||||
|     \textit{The Free Software Movement and the GNU/Linux Operating System} | ||||
|     are also widely available}. | ||||
|     are also widely available} | ||||
| 
 | ||||
| \section{Proto-GPLs And Their Impact} | ||||
| 
 | ||||
|  | @ -866,11 +866,11 @@ issues discussed earlier in \S~\ref{software-and-non-copyright}. | |||
| In January 1989, the FSF announced that the GPL had been converted into a | ||||
| ``subroutine'' that could be reused not just for all FSF-copyrighted | ||||
| programs, but also by anyone else.  As the FSF claimed in its announcement of | ||||
| the GPLv1\footnote{The announcement of GPLv1 was published in the | ||||
| the GPLv1:\footnote{The announcement of GPLv1 was published in the | ||||
|   \href{http://www.gnu.org/bulletins/bull6.html\#SEC8}{GNU's Bulletin, vol 1, | ||||
|     number 6 dated January 1989}.  (Thanks very much to Andy Tai for his | ||||
|   \href{http://www.free-soft.org/gpl_history/}{consolidation of research on | ||||
|     the history of the pre-v1 GPL's}.)}: | ||||
|     the history of the pre-v1 GPL's}.)} | ||||
| \begin{quotation} | ||||
| To make it easier to copyleft programs, we have been improving on the | ||||
| legalbol architecture of the General Public License to produce a new version | ||||
|  | @ -884,18 +884,18 @@ It took almost five years from the first copyleft licenses to get to a | |||
| generalized, reusable GPLv1.  In the context and mindset of the 1980s, this | ||||
| is not surprising.  The idea of reusable licensing infrastructure was not | ||||
| only uncommon, it was virtually nonexistent!  Even the early BSD licenses | ||||
| were simply copied and rewritten slightly for each new use\footnote{It | ||||
| were simply copied and rewritten slightly for each new use.\footnote{It | ||||
|   remains an interesting accident of history that the early BSD problematic | ||||
|   ``advertising clause'' (discussion of which is somewhat beyond the scope of | ||||
|   this tutorial) lives on into current day, simply because while the | ||||
|   University of California at Berkeley gave unilateral permission to remove | ||||
|   the clause from \textit{its} copyrighted works, others who adapted the BSD | ||||
|   license with their own names in place of UC-Berkeley's never have.}.  The | ||||
|   license with their own names in place of UC-Berkeley's never have.}  The | ||||
| GPLv1's innovation of reusable licensing infrastructure, an obvious fact | ||||
| today, was indeed a novel invention for its day\footnote{We're all just | ||||
| today, was indeed a novel invention for its day.\footnote{We're all just | ||||
|   grateful that the FSF also opposes business method patents, since the FSF's | ||||
|   patent on a ``method for reusable licensing infrastructure'' would have | ||||
|   not expired until 2006!}. | ||||
|   not expired until 2006!} | ||||
| 
 | ||||
| \section{The GNU General Public License, Version 2} | ||||
| 
 | ||||
|  | @ -936,9 +936,9 @@ RMS began drafting GPLv2.2 in mid-2002, and FSF ran a few discussion groups | |||
| during that era about new text of that license.  However, rampant violations | ||||
| of the GPL required more immediate attention of FSF's licensing staff, and as | ||||
| such, much of the early 2000's was spent doing GPL enforcement | ||||
| work\footnote{More on GPL enforcement is discussed in \tutorialpartsplit{a | ||||
| work.\footnote{More on GPL enforcement is discussed in \tutorialpartsplit{a | ||||
|     companion tutorial, \textit{A Practical Guide to GPL | ||||
|       Compliance}}{Part~\ref{gpl-compliance-guide} of this tutorial}.}.  In | ||||
|       Compliance}}{Part~\ref{gpl-compliance-guide} of this tutorial}.}  In | ||||
| 2006, FSF began in earnest drafting work for GPLv3. | ||||
| 
 | ||||
| The GPLv3 process began in earnest in January 2006.  It became clear that | ||||
|  | @ -1791,11 +1791,11 @@ requirements of GPLv2~\S2 (and GPLv2~\S3, which will be discussed next) are | |||
| centered around two different copyright controls: both modification | ||||
| \emph{and} distribution.  As such, GPLv2~\S2's requirements need only be met | ||||
| when a modified version is distributed; one need not follow them for modified | ||||
| versions that are not distributed\footnote{As a matter of best practice, it's | ||||
| versions that are not distributed.\footnote{As a matter of best practice, it's | ||||
|   useful to assume that all software may eventually be distributed later, | ||||
|   even if there no plans for distribution at this time.  Too often, GPL | ||||
|   violations occur because of a late distribution decision of software that | ||||
|   was otherwise never intended for distribution.}. | ||||
|   was otherwise never intended for distribution.} | ||||
| 
 | ||||
| However, the careful reader of GPLv2 will notice that, unlike GPLv3, no other | ||||
| clauses of the license actually give explicit permission to make private | ||||
|  | @ -2404,14 +2404,14 @@ terms surrounding it (see \textit{Stevenson v.~TRW, Inc.}, 987 F.2d 288, 296 | |||
| (5th Cir.~1993)).  While GPLv3's drafters doubted that such authority would | ||||
| apply to copyright licenses like the GPL, the FSF has nevertheless left | ||||
| warranty and related disclaimers in \textsc{all caps} throughout all versions | ||||
| of GPL\@\footnote{One of the authors of this tutorial, Bradley M.~Kuhn, has | ||||
| of GPL\@.\footnote{One of the authors of this tutorial, Bradley M.~Kuhn, has | ||||
|   often suggested the aesthetically preferable compromise of a | ||||
|   \textsc{specifically designed ``small caps'' font, such as this one, as an | ||||
|     alternative to} WRITING IN ALL CAPS IN THE DEFAULT FONT (LIKE THIS), | ||||
|   since the latter adds more ugliness than conspicuousness.  Kuhn once | ||||
|   engaged in reversion war with a lawyer who disagreed, but that lawyer never | ||||
|   answered Kuhn's requests for case law that argues THIS IS INHERENTLY MORE | ||||
|   CONSPICUOUS \textsc{Than this is}.}. | ||||
|   CONSPICUOUS \textsc{Than this is}.} | ||||
| 
 | ||||
| Some have argued the GPL is unenforceable in some jurisdictions because | ||||
| its disclaimer of warranties is impermissibly broad.  However, GPLv2~\S11 | ||||
|  | @ -2542,14 +2542,14 @@ GPLv2 included a defined term, ``work based on the Program'', but also used | |||
| the term ``modify'' and ``based on'' throughout the license.  GPLv2's ``work | ||||
| based on the Program'' definition made use of a legal term of art, | ||||
| ``derivative work'', which is peculiar to USA copyright | ||||
| law\footnote{(Ironically, most criticism of USA-specific legal | ||||
| law.\footnote{(Ironically, most criticism of USA-specific legal | ||||
| terminology in GPLv2's ``work based on the Program'' definition historically | ||||
| came not primarily from readers outside the USA, but from those within | ||||
| it.  The FSF noted in that it did not generally agree with these | ||||
|   views, and expressed puzzlement by the energy with which they were | ||||
|   expressed, given the existence of many other, more difficult legal issues | ||||
|   implicated by the GPL.  Nevertheless, the FSF argued that it made sense to | ||||
|   eliminate usage of local copyright terminology to good effect.}.  GPLv2 | ||||
|   eliminate usage of local copyright terminology to good effect.}  GPLv2 | ||||
| always sought to cover all rights governed by relevant copyright law, in the | ||||
| USA and elsewhere. | ||||
| Even though differently-labeled concepts corresponding to the | ||||
|  | @ -2688,7 +2688,7 @@ obfuscated programming. | |||
| \subsection{CCS Definition} | ||||
| \label{CCS Definition} | ||||
| 
 | ||||
| The definition of CCS\footnote{Note that the preferred term for those who | ||||
| The definition of CCS,\footnote{Note that the preferred term for those who | ||||
|   work regularly with both GPLv2 and GPLv3 is ``Complete Corresponding | ||||
|   Source'', abbreviated to ``CCS''.  Admittedly, the word ``complete'' no | ||||
|   longer appears in GPLv3 (which uses the word ``all'' instead).  However, | ||||
|  | @ -2697,7 +2697,7 @@ The definition of CCS\footnote{Note that the preferred term for those who | |||
|   Corresponding Source''.  Meanwhile, use of the acronym ``CCS'' (sometimes, | ||||
|   ``C\&CS'') was so widespread among GPL enforcers that its use continues | ||||
|   even though GPLv3-focused experts tend to say just the defined term of | ||||
|   ``Corresponding Source''.}, or, as GPLv3 officially calls it, | ||||
|   ``Corresponding Source''.} or, as GPLv3 officially calls it, | ||||
| ``Corresponding Source'' in GPLv3~\S1\P4 is possibly the most complex | ||||
| definition in the license. | ||||
| 
 | ||||
|  | @ -3274,12 +3274,12 @@ interpreting Magnuson-Moss are in accord; see, e.g., \textit{Stroebner | |||
| Motors, Inc.~v.~Automobili Lamborghini S.p.A.}, 459 F.~Supp.2d 1028, | ||||
| 1033 (D.~Hawaii 2006).}  Even a small amount of ``normal'' personal use | ||||
| is enough to cause an entire product line to be treated as a consumer | ||||
| product under Magnuson-Moss\footnote{\textit{Tandy Corp.~v.~Marymac | ||||
| product under Magnuson-Moss.\footnote{\textit{Tandy Corp.~v.~Marymac | ||||
| Industries, Inc.}, 213 U.S.P.Q.~702 (S.D.~Tex.~1981). In this case, the | ||||
| court concluded that TRS-80 microcomputers were consumer products, where | ||||
| such computers were designed and advertised for a variety of users, | ||||
| including small businesses and schools, and had only recently been | ||||
| promoted for use in the home.}. | ||||
| promoted for use in the home.} | ||||
| 
 | ||||
| However, Magnuson-Moss is not a perfect fit because in the area of components | ||||
| of dwellings, the settled interpretation under Magnuson-Moss is under-inclusive. | ||||
|  | @ -3778,9 +3778,9 @@ the material added or altered by the contributor, but also the pre-existing | |||
| material the contributor copied from the upstream version and retained in the | ||||
| modified version.  (GPLv3's usage of ``contributor'' and ``contribution'' should | ||||
| not be confused with the various other ways in which those terms are used in | ||||
| certain other free software licenses\footnote{Cf., e.g., Apache License, | ||||
| certain other free software licenses.\footnote{Cf., e.g., Apache License, | ||||
|   version 2.0, section 1; Eclipse Public License, version 1.0, section 1; | ||||
|   Mozilla Public License, version 1.1, section 1.1.}.) | ||||
|   Mozilla Public License, version 1.1, section 1.1.}) | ||||
| 
 | ||||
| Some details of the ``essential patent claims'' definition deserve special | ||||
| mention.  ``Essential patent claims'', for a given party, are a subset of the | ||||
|  | @ -3903,10 +3903,10 @@ availability option, so it remains. | |||
| Meanwhile, two specific alternatives to the source code availability option | ||||
| are also available. The distributor may comply by disclaiming the patent | ||||
| license it has been granted for the conveyed work, or by arranging to extend | ||||
| the patent license to downstream recipients\footnote{The latter option, if | ||||
| the patent license to downstream recipients.\footnote{The latter option, if | ||||
|   chosen, must be done ``in a manner consistent with the requirements of this | ||||
|   License''; for example, it is unavailable if extension of the patent | ||||
|   license would result in a violation of GPLv3~\S 12.}.  The GPL is intended | ||||
|   license would result in a violation of GPLv3~\S 12.}  The GPL is intended | ||||
| to permit private distribution as well as public distribution, and the | ||||
| addition of these options ensures that this remains the case, even though it | ||||
| remains likely that distributors in this situation will usually choose the | ||||
|  | @ -4884,11 +4884,11 @@ versions, and those forks that exist remain freely available. | |||
| A final common business model that is perhaps the most controversial is | ||||
| proprietary relicensing of a GPL'd code base. This is only an option for | ||||
| software in which a particular entity holds exclusive rights to | ||||
| relicense\footnote{Entities typically hold exclusive relicensing rights | ||||
| relicense.\footnote{Entities typically hold exclusive relicensing rights | ||||
|   either by writing all the software under their own copyrights, collecting | ||||
|   copyright assignments from all contributors, or by otherwise demanding | ||||
|   unconditional relicensing permissions from all contributors via some legal | ||||
|   agreement}. As discussed earlier in this tutorial, a copyright holder is | ||||
|   agreement} As discussed earlier in this tutorial, a copyright holder is | ||||
| permitted under copyright law to license a software system under her | ||||
| copyright as many different ways as she likes to as many different parties as | ||||
| she wishes. | ||||
|  |  | |||
		Loading…
	
	Add table
		
		Reference in a new issue
	
	 Mike Linksvayer
						Mike Linksvayer