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@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
<p>Like many non-profits, Conservancy is directed by a
self-perpetuating Board of Directors, who
appoint <a href="/about/officers/">Officers</a> to carry out the
appoint the <a href="/about/staff/">Executive Director and staff</a> to carry out the
day-to-day operations of the organization. The Directorship of the
Conservancy includes both talented non-profit managers and experienced
FLOSS project leaders who can both guide the administrative operations of
@ -82,22 +82,40 @@ HETE-2 satellite (an astrophysical Gamma Ray Burst mission) part
time. Mark earned his BA in Physics at Reed College and a PhD from the
Institute for Theoretical Physics at Stony Brook. </p>
<h2>Bdale Garbee</h2>
<p><a href="https://gag.com/bdale/">Bdale Garbee</a> has been a contributor
to the Free Software community since 1979. Bdale's background also includes
many years of hardware design, Unix internals, and embedded systems work.
He was an early participant in the Debian project, helped port Debian
GNU/Linux to 5 architectures, served as Debian Project Leader, then
chairman of the Debian Technical Committee for nearly a decade, and remains
active in the Debian community.</p>
<p>Bdale served as an HP Fellow in the Office of the CTO until 2016 where
he led HP's open source strategy work. Bdale served as President of
Software in the Public Interest for a decade. He served nearly as long on
the board of directors of the Linux Foundation representing individual
affiliates and the developer community. Bdale currently serves on the
boards of the Freedombox Foundation, Linux Professional Institute, and
Aleph Objects.</p>
<h2>Bradley M. Kuhn</h2>
<p><a href="http://ebb.org/bkuhn/">Bradley M. Kuhn</a> is the President and
Distinguished Technologist at <a href="/">Software Freedom Conservancy</a>,
on the Board of Directors of the <a href="https://fsf.org/">Free Software
Foundation (FSF)</a>, and editor-in-chief
<a href="http://ebb.org/bkuhn/">Bradley M. Kuhn</a> is
the <a href="/about/staff/#bkuhn">Policy Fellow and Hacker-in-Residence</a>
at <a href="/">Software Freedom Conservancy</a> and editor-in-chief
of <a href="https://copyleft.org">copyleft.org</a>. Kuhn began his work in
the software freedom movement as a volunteer in 1992, when he became an early
adopter of the GNU/Linux operating system, and began contributing to various
Free Software projects. He worked during the 1990s as a system administrator
and software developer for various companies, and taught AP Computer Science
at Walnut Hills High School in Cincinnati. Kuhn's non-profit career began in
2000, when he was hired by the FSF. As FSF's Executive Director from
2001&ndash;2005, Kuhn led <a href="https://www.fsf.org/licensing">FSF's GPL
enforcement</a>, launched <a href="https://www.fsf.org/associate/">its
Associate Member program</a>, and invented
adopter of Linux-based systems, and began contributing to various Free
Software projects, including Perl. He worked during the 1990s as a system
administrator and software developer for various companies, and taught AP
Computer Science at Walnut Hills High School in Cincinnati. Kuhn's
non-profit career began in 2000, when he was hired by the FSF. As FSF's
Executive Director from 2001&ndash;2005, Kuhn
led <a href="https://www.fsf.org/licensing">FSF's GPL enforcement</a>,
launched <a href="https://www.fsf.org/associate/">its Associate Member
program</a>, and invented
the <a href="http://www.gnu.org/licenses/agpl-3.0.html">Affero GPL</a>. Kuhn
was appointed President of Software Freedom Conservancy in April 2006, was
Conservancy's primary volunteer from 2006&ndash;2010, and has been a
@ -111,13 +129,10 @@ Master's thesis</a> discussed methods for dynamic interoperability of Free
Software programming languages. Kuhn received
the <a href="http://www.oscon.com/oscon2012/public/schedule/detail/25039">O'Reilly
Open Source Award in 2012</a>, in recognition for his lifelong policy work on
copyleft licensing. Kuhn <a href="/blog/?author=bkuhn">blogs at
Conservancy</a> and co-hosts the
audcast, <a href="http://faif.us/"><cite>Free as in Freedom</cite></a>, with
Conservancy's <a href="/about/staff/#karen">Executive Director, Karen
Sandler</a>.
</p>
copyleft licensing. Kuhn has <a href="http://ebb.org/bkuhn/blog/">a
blog</a> and co-hosts
the audcast, <a href="http://faif.us/"><cite>Free as in Freedom</cite></a>.
<h2>Mike Linksvayer</h2>
<p>Mike Linksvayer serves on the boards of AcaWiki and OpenHatch,
@ -136,6 +151,28 @@ Software Freedom Conservancy. Martin earned a PhD from the University
of Cambridge and he received an O'Reilly Open Source Award in 2013 for
his contributions to the open source community.</p>
<h2>Allison Randal</h2>
<p>Over the course of multiple decades as a free software developer,
Allison has worked in a wide variety of projects and domains, from
games, linguistic analysis tools, websites, mobile apps, shipping
fulfillment, and talking smart-home appliances, to programming language
design, compilers, hypervisors, containers, deployment automation,
database replication, and operating systems.</p>
<p>She is a board member at the Perl Foundation, a board member at the
OpenStack Foundation, and co-founder of the FLOSS Foundations group for
free software community leaders. At various points in the past she has
served as president of the Open Source Initiative, president of the Perl
Foundation, board member of the Python Software Foundation, chairman of
the Parrot Foundation, chief architect of the Parrot virtual machine,
Open Source Evangelist at O’Reilly Media, conference chair of OSCON,
Technical Architect of Ubuntu, Open Source Advisor at Canonical,
Distinguished Technologist and Open Source Strategist at HP, and
Distinguished Engineer at SUSE. She collaborates in the Debian project,
and is currently taking a mid-career research sabbatical at the
University of Cambridge.</p>
<h2>Tony Sebro</h2>
<p>Tony currently serves as the Deputy General Counsel for

9
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@ -12,11 +12,18 @@ public inspection, in reverse chronological order:</p>
<ul>
<li>Fiscal Year 2019 (from 2019-03-01 through 2020-02-29)
<p>Our FY 2019 ends on 2020-02-29. Our annual filings are due with the USA
Internal Revenue Service (IRS) and New York
State <a href="https://www.irs.gov/charities-non-profits/return-due-dates-for-exempt-organizations-annual-return">on
2020-07-15</a>. They will be posted here shortly after filing.</p>
</li>
<li>Fiscal Year 2018 (from 2018-03-01 through 2019-02-28)
<p>Our FY 2018 ends on 2019-02-28. Our annual filings are due with the USA
Internal Revenue Service (IRS) and New York
State <a href="https://www.irs.gov/charities-non-profits/return-due-dates-for-exempt-organizations-annual-return">on
2019-07-15</a>. They will be posted here shortly after filing.</p>
2020-01-15</a>. They will be posted here shortly after filing.</p>
</li>
<li>Fiscal Year 2017 (from 2017-03-01 through 2018-02-28)

7
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@ -47,10 +47,9 @@ software development and documentation.</p>
services for its member projects</a> and a <a href="/members/current/">a
list of Conservancy's current member projects</a> are available.</p>
<p>Conservancy and
its <a href="/about/board">directors</a>, <a href="/about/officers">officers</a>,
and <a href="/about/staff">staff</a> believe strongly in the principles
of software freedom, and believe that all users should have the right to
<p>Conservancy and its <a href="/about/board">directors</a>
and <a href="/about/staff">staff</a> believe strongly in the principles of
software freedom, and believe that all users should have the right to
study, improve and share their software. Conservancy helps protect,
enable, coordinate, facilitate and defend the public's right to copy,
share, modify and redistribute FLOSS both non-commercially and

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@ -1,82 +0,0 @@
{% extends "base_about.html" %}
{% block subtitle %}Officers - {% endblock %}
{% block submenuselection %}Officers{% endblock %}
{% block content %}
<h1>Officers</h1>
<p>The <a href="/about/board/">Board of Directors</a> of the Conservancy
elects its officers. The current officers are:</p>
<h2>Bradley M. Kuhn - President</h2>
<p><a href="http://ebb.org/bkuhn/">Bradley M. Kuhn</a> is the President and
Distinguished Technologist at Software
Freedom Conservancy and on the Board of Directors of the <a
href="http://fsf.org/">Free Software Foundation (FSF)</a>. Kuhn began his
work in the software freedom movement as a volunteer in 1992, when he became
an early adopter of the GNU/Linux operating system, and began contributing to
various FLOSS projects. He worked during the 1990s as a system administrator
and software developer for various companies, and taught AP Computer Science
at Walnut Hills High School in Cincinnati. Kuhn's non-profit career began in
2000, when he was hired by the FSF. As FSF's Executive Director from
2001&ndash;2005, Kuhn led FSF's GPL enforcement, launched its Associate
Member program, and invented the <a
href="http://www.gnu.org/licenses/agpl-3.0.html">Affero GPL</a>. From
2005-2010, Kuhn worked as the Policy Analyst and Technology Director of the
Software Freedom Law Center. Kuhn was the primary volunteer for Conservancy
from 2006&ndash;2010, and has been a full-time staffer since early 2011.
Kuhn holds a summa cum laude B.S. in Computer Science from <a
href="http://www.loyola.edu/academic/computerscience">Loyola University in
Maryland</a>, and an M.S. in Computer Science from the <a
href="http://www.cs.uc.edu/">University of Cincinnati</a>. <a
href="http://www.ebb.org/bkuhn/articles/thesis/">Kuhn's Master's thesis</a>
discussed methods for dynamic interoperability of FLOSS programming
languages. Kuhn received the <a
href="http://www.oscon.com/oscon2012/public/schedule/detail/25039">O'Reilly
Open Source Award in 2012</a>, in recognition for his lifelong policy work on
copyleft licensing.</p>
<h2>Mark Galassi - Vice-President and Board Chairperson</h2>
<p>Mark Galassi has been involved in the GNU project since 1984. He
currently works as a researcher in the International, Space, and Response
division at Los Alamos National Laboratory, where he has worked on the
HETE-2 satellite, ISIS/Genie, the Raptor telescope, the Swift satellite,
and the muon tomography project. In 1997, Mark took a couple of years off
from Los Alamos (where he was previously in the ISR division and the
Theoretical Astrophysics group) to work for Cygnus (now a part of Red Hat)
writing software and books for eCos, although he continued working on the
HETE-2 satellite (an astrophysical Gamma Ray Burst mission) part
time. Mark earned his BA in Physics at Reed College and a PhD from the
Institute for Theoretical Physics at Stony Brook. </p>
<h2>Martin Michlmayr - Treasurer</h2>
<p>Martin Michlmayr has been involved in various free and open source
software projects for over 20 years. He acted as the leader of the
Debian project for two years, served on the board of the Open Source
Initiative (OSI) for six years and currently serves on the board of
Software Freedom Conservancy. Martin earned a PhD from the University
of Cambridge and he received an O'Reilly Open Source Award in 2013 for
his contributions to the open source community.</p>
<h2>Karen Sandler - Executive Director</h2>
<a id="karen"></a>
<p>Karen M. Sandler is Executive Director of Conservancy. She was previously
the Executive Director of the GNOME Foundation. In partnership with the
GNOME Foundation, Karen co-organizes the award winning Outreach Program for
Women. Prior to taking up this position, Karen was General Counsel of the
Software Freedom Law Center (SFLC). She continues to do pro bono legal work
with SFLC, the GNOME Foundation and QuestionCopyright.Org. Before joining
SFLC, Karen worked as an associate in the corporate departments of Gibson,
Dunn &amp; Crutcher LLP in New York and Clifford Chance in New York and
London. Karen received her law degree from Columbia Law School in 2000,
where she was a James Kent Scholar and co-founder of the Columbia Science
and Technology Law Review. Karen received her bachelor’s degree in
engineering from The Cooper Union. She is a recipient of an O'Reilly Open
Source Award and also co-host of the <a href="http://faif.us">&ldquo;Free
as in Freedom&rdquo; podcast</a>.</p>
{% endblock %}

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@ -4,74 +4,20 @@
{% block content %}
<h1>Staff</h1>
<h2 id="karen">Karen M. Sandler - Executive Director</h2>
<p>The staff are listed alphabetically by surname.</p>
<p>Karen M. Sandler is the executive director of Conservancy. Karen is known
as a cyborg lawyer for her advocacy for free software, particularly in
relation to the software on medical devices. Prior to joining Conservancy,
she was executive director of the GNOME Foundation. Before that, she was
general counsel of the Software Freedom Law Center. Karen
co-organizes <a href="http://www.outreachy.org">Outreachy</a>, the
award-winning outreach program for women globally and for people of color
who are underrepresented in US tech. She is also pro bono counsel to the FSF
and GNOME. Karen is a recipient of the O’Reilly Open Source Award and cohost
of the oggcast <a href="http://faif.us/">Free as in Freedom</a>.</p>
<h2 id="dimesio">Rosanne DiMesio - Technical Bookkeeper</h2>
<p>Karen received her law degree from Columbia Law School in 2000, where she
was a James Kent Scholar and co-founder of the Columbia Science and
Technology Law Review. Karen received her bachelor’s degree in engineering
from The Cooper Union.</p>
<h2 id="bkuhn">Bradley M. Kuhn - President and Distinguished Technologist</h2>
<p><a href="http://ebb.org/bkuhn/">Bradley M. Kuhn</a> is the President and
Distinguished Technologist at <a href="https://sfconservancy.org/">Software
Freedom Conservancy</a> and editor-in-chief
of <a href="https://copyleft.org">copyleft.org</a>. Kuhn began his work in
the software freedom movement as a volunteer in 1992, when he became an early
adopter of the GNU/Linux operating system, and began contributing to various
Free Software projects. He worked during the 1990s as a system administrator
and software developer for various companies, and taught AP Computer Science
at Walnut Hills High School in Cincinnati. Kuhn's non-profit career began in
2000, when he was hired by the Free Software Foundation (FSF). As FSF's
Executive Director from 2001&ndash;2005, Kuhn
led <a href="https://www.fsf.org/licensing">FSF's GPL enforcement</a>,
launched <a href="https://www.fsf.org/associate/">its Associate Member
program</a>, and invented
the <a href="http://www.gnu.org/licenses/agpl-3.0.html">Affero GPL</a>. Kuhn
was appointed President of Software Freedom Conservancy in April 2006, was
Conservancy's primary volunteer from 2006&ndash;2010, and has been a
full-time staffer since early 2011. Kuhn holds a summa cum laude B.S. in
Computer Science
from <a href="http://www.loyola.edu/academic/computerscience">Loyola
University in Maryland</a>, and an M.S. in Computer Science from
the <a href="http://www.cs.uc.edu/">University of
Cincinnati</a>. <a href="http://www.ebb.org/bkuhn/articles/thesis/">Kuhn's
Master's thesis</a> discussed methods for dynamic interoperability of Free
Software programming languages. Kuhn received
the <a href="http://www.oscon.com/oscon2012/public/schedule/detail/25039">O'Reilly
Open Source Award in 2012</a>, in recognition for his lifelong policy work on
copyleft licensing. Kuhn has <a href="http://ebb.org/bkuhn/blog/">a blog</a>
and co-hosts the audcast, <a href="http://faif.us/"><cite>Free as in
Freedom</cite></a>.</p>
<h2 id="brett">Brett Smith - Director of Strategic Initiatives</h2>
<p>Brett Smith began his FLOSS advocacy in 2000 at college, organizing
student groups and discussing the issues with professors and journalists. He
also spent a couple of those summers interning at the Free Software
Foundation, and working in various assisting roles there when he returned to
campus. Later on he worked as the FSF's License Compliance Engineer from
2006-2012, helping to shepherd the GPLv3 drafting process and do outreach
after the license was released. From there, he worked as a Systems Engineer
at the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) and
an <a href="https://arvados.org/">Arvados</a> maintainer at Curoverse before
joining Conservancy as Director of Strategic Initiatives in 2016. He holds a
BS in Computer Science from the University of Kentucky.</p>
<h2 id="deb">Deb Nicholson - Director of Community Operations</h2>
<p>Deb Nicholson is the Director of Community Operations at the Software Freedom Conservancy where she supports the work of its member projects and facilitates collaboration with the wider free and open source software community. After years of local organizing on free speech, marriage equality, government transparency and access to the political process, she joined the free software movement in 2006. While working for the <a href="https://www.fsf.org/">Free Software Foundation</a>, she created the Women&rsquo;s Caucus to increase recruitment and retention of women in the free software community. She piloted messaging and directed outreach activities at the Open Invention Network, a shared defensive patent pool for free and open source software. She won the O’Reilly Open Source Award for her work as <a href="https://mediagoblin.org/">GNU MediaGoblin</a>&lsquo;s Community Liaison and as a founding board member at <a href="https://blog.openhatch.org/2017/celebrating-our-successes-and-winding-down-as-an-organization/">OpenHatch</a>. She also continues to serve as a founding organizer of the <a href="http://seagl.org/">Seattle GNU/Linux Conference</a>, an annual event dedicated to surfacing new voices and welcoming new people to the free software community.</p>
<p>Deb received her Bachelor of Fine Arts from Bradford College and lives with her husband and her lucky black cat in Cambridge, Massachusetts.</p>
<p>Rosanne DiMesio is the Technical Bookkeeper at the Software Freedom
Conservancy where she handles incoming and outgoing accounting
activities for all its member projects as well as financial operations
for Conservancy itself. Rosanne has been volunteering with the Wine
Project since 2008 where she focuses on user support and documentation.
She has worked as an English teacher, a freelance writer and as IT
support. She is passionate about helping free software projects improve
their user experience. Rosanne received her Masters in Communication &amp;
Theater at the University of Illinois at Chicago and her Bachelor&rsquo;s
degree in English from the University of Chicago.</p>
<h2 id="denver">Denver Gingerich - FLOSS License Compliance Engineer</h2>
@ -92,17 +38,76 @@ about digital civil rights and protecting the free software ecosystem,
having spoken at conferences such as CopyCamp Toronto, FOSSLC's
Summercamp, and the Open Video Conference.</p>
<h2 id="dimesio">Rosanne DiMesio - Technical Bookkeeper</h2>
<p>Rosanne DiMesio is the Technical Bookkeeper at the Software Freedom
Conservancy where she handles incoming and outgoing accounting
activities for all its member projects as well as financial operations
for Conservancy itself. Rosanne has been volunteering with the Wine
Project since 2008 where she focuses on user support and documentation.
She has worked as an English teacher, a freelance writer and as IT
support. She is passionate about helping free software projects improve
their user experience. Rosanne received her Masters in Communication &amp;
Theater at the University of Illinois at Chicago and her Bachelor&rsquo;s
degree in English from the University of Chicago.</p>
<h2 id="bkuhn">Bradley M. Kuhn - Policy Fellow and Hacker-in-Residence</h2>
<p><a href="http://ebb.org/bkuhn/">Bradley M. Kuhn</a> is
the <a href="https://sfconservancy.org/about/staff/#bkuhn">Policy Fellow and
Hacker-in-Residence</a> at <a href="https://sfconservancy.org/">Software Freedom
Conservancy</a> and editor-in-chief
of <a href="https://copyleft.org">copyleft.org</a>. Kuhn began his work in
the software freedom movement as a volunteer in 1992, when he became an early
adopter of Linux-based systems, and began contributing to various Free
Software projects, including Perl. He worked during the 1990s as a system
administrator and software developer for various companies, and taught AP
Computer Science at Walnut Hills High School in Cincinnati. Kuhn's
non-profit career began in 2000, when he was hired by the FSF. As FSF's
Executive Director from 2001&ndash;2005, Kuhn
led <a href="https://www.fsf.org/licensing">FSF's GPL enforcement</a>,
launched <a href="https://www.fsf.org/associate/">its Associate Member
program</a>, and invented
the <a href="http://www.gnu.org/licenses/agpl-3.0.html">Affero GPL</a>. Kuhn
began as Conservancy's primary volunteer from 2006–2010, and became its first
staff person in 2011. Kuhn holds a summa cum laude B.S. in Computer Science
from <a href="http://www.loyola.edu/academic/computerscience">Loyola
University in Maryland</a>, and an M.S. in Computer Science from
the <a href="http://www.cs.uc.edu/">University of
Cincinnati</a>. <a href="http://www.ebb.org/bkuhn/articles/thesis/">Kuhn's
Master's thesis</a> discussed methods for dynamic interoperability of Free
Software programming languages. Kuhn received
the <a href="http://www.oscon.com/oscon2012/public/schedule/detail/25039">O'Reilly
Open Source Award in 2012</a>, in recognition for his lifelong policy work on
copyleft licensing. Kuhn has <a href="http://ebb.org/bkuhn/blog/">a
blog</a> and co-hosts
the audcast, <a href="http://faif.us/"><cite>Free as in
Freedom</cite></a>.</p>
<h2 id="deb">Deb Nicholson - Director of Community Operations</h2>
<p>Deb Nicholson is the Director of Community Operations at the Software Freedom Conservancy where she supports the work of its member projects and facilitates collaboration with the wider free and open source software community. After years of local organizing on free speech, marriage equality, government transparency and access to the political process, she joined the free software movement in 2006. While working for the <a href="https://www.fsf.org/">Free Software Foundation</a>, she created the Women&rsquo;s Caucus to increase recruitment and retention of women in the free software community. She piloted messaging and directed outreach activities at the Open Invention Network, a shared defensive patent pool for free and open source software. She won the O’Reilly Open Source Award for her work as <a href="https://mediagoblin.org/">GNU MediaGoblin</a>&lsquo;s Community Liaison and as a founding board member at <a href="https://blog.openhatch.org/2017/celebrating-our-successes-and-winding-down-as-an-organization/">OpenHatch</a>. She also continues to serve as a founding organizer of the <a href="http://seagl.org/">Seattle GNU/Linux Conference</a>, an annual event dedicated to surfacing new voices and welcoming new people to the free software community.</p>
<p>Deb received her Bachelor of Fine Arts from Bradford College and lives with her husband and her lucky black cat in Cambridge, Massachusetts.</p>
<h2 id="karen">Karen M. Sandler - Executive Director</h2>
<p>Karen M. Sandler is the executive director of Conservancy. Karen is known
as a cyborg lawyer for her advocacy for free software, particularly in
relation to the software on medical devices. Prior to joining Conservancy,
she was executive director of the GNOME Foundation. Before that, she was
general counsel of the Software Freedom Law Center. Karen
co-organizes <a href="http://www.outreachy.org">Outreachy</a>, the
award-winning outreach program for women globally and for people of color
who are underrepresented in US tech. She is also pro bono counsel to the FSF
and GNOME. Karen is a recipient of the O’Reilly Open Source Award and cohost
of the oggcast <a href="http://faif.us/">Free as in Freedom</a>.</p>
<p>Karen received her law degree from Columbia Law School in 2000, where she
was a James Kent Scholar and co-founder of the Columbia Science and
Technology Law Review. Karen received her bachelor’s degree in engineering
from The Cooper Union.</p>
<h2 id="brett">Brett Smith - Director of Strategic Initiatives</h2>
<p>Brett Smith began his FLOSS advocacy in 2000 at college, organizing
student groups and discussing the issues with professors and journalists. He
also spent a couple of those summers interning at the Free Software
Foundation, and working in various assisting roles there when he returned to
campus. Later on he worked as the FSF's License Compliance Engineer from
2006-2012, helping to shepherd the GPLv3 drafting process and do outreach
after the license was released. From there, he worked as a Systems Engineer
at the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) and
an <a href="https://arvados.org/">Arvados</a> maintainer at Curoverse before
joining Conservancy as Director of Strategic Initiatives in 2016. He holds a
BS in Computer Science from the University of Kentucky.</p>
{% endblock %}

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@ -179,7 +179,7 @@
component in ESXi that the lawsuit alleges violates the GPL?</dt>
<dd>
<p>The GPL violation at issue involves VMware's ESXi product.
Conservancy independently reviewed ESXi 5.5 and its incomplete
Conservancy independently reviewed ESXi and its incomplete
<abbr title="complete, corresponding source">CCS</abbr>
release as part of our GPL enforcement efforts described above.</p>
@ -243,12 +243,12 @@ Code, and for which (at least some) source code is provided.
good, since the court documents discuss the specifics of alleged
infringement on Hellwig's copyrights.</p>
<p>However, Conservancy examined VMware's ESXi 5.5 product in detail
<p>However, Conservancy examined VMware's ESXi product in detail
even before Hellwig's enforcement action began. Below is one example
among many where VMware's CCS was incomplete per GPLv2&sect;2(c) and
GPLv2&sect;3(a). (One can verify these results by
<a href="#verify">downloading and installing the binary and source
packages for VMware's ESXi 5.5 Update 2</a>.) Note that this
packages for VMware's ESXi 6.0</a>.) Note that this
example below is not necessarily regarding
Hellwig's copyrights; VMware incorporated Linux code copyrighted by
many others as well into their kernel.</p>
@ -257,7 +257,7 @@ Code, and for which (at least some) source code is provided.
<p>Our example begins with examination of the file
called <code>vmkdrivers/src_92/vmklinux_92/vmware/linux_pci.c</code>,
which can be found in the &ldquo;Open Source&rdquo; release for
ESXi 5.5.0 Update 2 (5.5U2). A small excerpt from that file, found in the
ESXi 6.0. A small excerpt from that file, found in the
function <code>LinuxPCIDeviceRemoved()</code>, reads as follows:</p>
<pre>
@ -279,8 +279,8 @@ LinuxPCIDeviceRemoved(vmk_PCIDevice vmkDev)
vmkDevName[0] = 0;
}
[...]
VMKAPI_MODULE_CALL_VOID(pciDevExt->moduleID,
linuxDev->driver->remove,
VMKAPI_MODULE_CALL_VOID(pciDevExt-&gt;moduleID,
linuxDev-&gt;driver-&gt;remove,
linuxDev);
</pre>
@ -288,8 +288,8 @@ VMKAPI_MODULE_CALL_VOID(pciDevExt->moduleID,
<p>The function, <code>vmk_PCIGetDeviceName()</code> must be defined, with an
implementation, for this code above to work, or even compile.
Inside <code>BLD/build/HEADERS/vmkapi-current-all-public/vmkernel64/release/device/vmkapi_pci_incompat.h</code>,
found in the <code>vmkdrivers</code> package of ESXi 5.5U2, shows a
Inside <code>BLD/build/HEADERS/vmkapi-current-all-public/generic/release/hardware/vmkapi_pci_incompat.h</code>,
found in the <code>vmkdrivers</code> package of ESXi 6.0, shows a
function header definition for <code>vmk_PCIGetDeviceName()</code>.
However, the source of its implementation is not provided there or
anywhere in the source release.</p>
@ -309,10 +309,10 @@ VMKAPI_MODULE_CALL_VOID(pciDevExt->moduleID,
</p>
<pre>
00000000000327ff R_X86_64_PC32 vmk_PCIGetDeviceName+0xfffffffffffffffc
0000000000035318 R_X86_64_PC32 vmk_PCIGetDeviceName+0xfffffffffffffffc
00000000000387e1 R_X86_64_PC32 vmk_PCIGetDeviceName+0xfffffffffffffffc
000000000003cf40 R_X86_64_PC32 vmk_PCIGetDeviceName+0xfffffffffffffffc
0000000000032db3 R_X86_64_PC32 vmk_PCIGetDeviceName+0xfffffffffffffffc
00000000000333ea R_X86_64_PC32 vmk_PCIGetDeviceName+0xfffffffffffffffc
0000000000036644 R_X86_64_PC32 vmk_PCIGetDeviceName+0xfffffffffffffffc
000000000003986a R_X86_64_PC32 vmk_PCIGetDeviceName+0xfffffffffffffffc
</pre>
<p>The above two properties both suggest that the <code>vmklinux_9</code>
@ -321,9 +321,9 @@ VMKAPI_MODULE_CALL_VOID(pciDevExt->moduleID,
inside <code>vmklinux_9</code> itself.</p>
<p>The definition can however be found in binary-only software provided in
ESXi 5.5U2 &mdash; specifically, inside a file named <code>k.b00</code>,
ESXi 6.0 &mdash; specifically, inside a file named <code>k.b00</code>,
which is located in partition 5 on a disk where ESXi has been installed (or
in the ESXi 5.5U2 installer ISO image). Running <code>file</code>
in the ESXi 6.0 installer ISO image). Running <code>file</code>
after <code>gunzip</code> on this file yields &ldquo;ELF 64-bit LSB shared
object&rdquo;. Meanwhile, <code>file k.b00</code> reports &ldquo;gzip
compressed data, was &lsquo;vmvisor64-vmkernel.stripped&rsquo;&rdquo;.
@ -332,7 +332,7 @@ VMKAPI_MODULE_CALL_VOID(pciDevExt->moduleID,
&ldquo;SYMBOL TABLE&rdquo; section:</p>
<pre>
000041800036a408 g F .text 0000000000000137 vmk_PCIGetDeviceName
000041800033193c g F .text 000000000000012e vmk_PCIGetDeviceName
</pre>
<p>&hellip; which indicated these binary file contains the function body
@ -358,25 +358,27 @@ for <code>vmk_PCIGetDeviceName</code>.</p>
<pre>
struct pci_dev {
[...]
struct pci_driver *driver; /* which driver has allocated this device */
[...]
truct pci_driver {
char *name;
[...]
void (*remove) (struct pci_dev *dev); /* Device removed (NULL if not a hot-plug capable driver) */
[...]
#if defined(__VMKLNX__)
/* 2008: Update from Linux source */
u8 revision; /* PCI revision, low byte of class word */
#endif /* defined(__VMKLNX__) */
[...]
struct pci_driver *driver; /* which driver has allocated this device */
[...]
struct pci_driver {
struct list_head node;
char *name;
[...]
void (*remove) (struct pci_dev *dev); /* Device removed (NULL if not a hot-plug capable driver) */
[...]
};
</pre>
<p>These structures, and based on those from Linux itself
(<a href="http://lxr.free-electrons.com/source/include/linux/pci.h?v=2.6.24">a
similar version of this file can be seen in Linux 2.6.24</a>), and as can
be seen above, have been modified to work with &ldquo;vmkernel&rdquo;</p>
be seen above, have been modified to work with &ldquo;vmkernel&rdquo;.</p>
<p>In <code>LinuxPCIDeviceRemoved()</code>, we saw a macro called with a
variable, <code>linuxDev</code> which was of type <code>struct pci</code>.
@ -387,7 +389,7 @@ truct pci_driver {
<h4><code>VMKAPI_MODULE_CALL_VOID</code> macro calls driver's code</h4>
<p>The
file <code>BLD/build/HEADERS/vmkapi-current-all-public/vmkernel64/release/base/vmkapi_module.h</code>
file <code>BLD/build/HEADERS/vmkapi-current-all-public/generic/release/base/vmkapi_module.h</code>
contains the macro definition of <code>VMKAPI_MODULE_CALL_VOID</code>,
which is quoted below (with debug lines removed):
<pre>
@ -402,8 +404,8 @@ do { \
</pre>
<p>When the macro is expanded, it means that <code>(function)(args)</code> is
actually expanded to <code>linuxDev->driver->remove(linuxDev)</code>.
Therefore, we see <code>LinuxPCIDeviceRemoved()</code>, makes directs calls
actually expanded to <code>linuxDev-&gt;driver-&gt;remove(linuxDev)</code>.
Therefore, we see <code>LinuxPCIDeviceRemoved()</code> makes directs calls
to a driver's remove() function, by combining with Linux's <code>struct
pci</code>, and by VMware's introduction of this new calling code.
Conservancy has confirmed many drivers from Linux are incorporated via
@ -423,8 +425,8 @@ static struct pci_driver tg3_driver = {
</pre>
<p>Therefore, when the code in <code>LinuxPCIDeviceRemoved()</code>
calls <code>linuxDev->driver->remove(linuxDev)</code>, the code ultimately
called (in the case where a tg3 card is driven by the kernel)
calls <code>linuxDev-&gt;driver-&gt;remove(linuxDev)</code>, the code
ultimately called (in the case where a tg3 card is driven by the kernel)
is <code>tg3_remove_one()</code>, which is found in <code>tg3.c</code> and
comes directly from Linux.</p>
@ -435,11 +437,11 @@ static struct pci_driver tg3_driver = {
<h4>VMware distribution of binary version of <code>tg3.c</code></h4>
<p>VMware furthermore distributes a modified version of <code>tg.c</code> in
<p>VMware furthermore distributes a modified version of <code>tg3.c</code> in
binary form. This can be found in <code>usr/lib/vmware/vmkmod/tg3</code>,
which is extracted by un-vmtar'ing the file <code>net_tg3.v00</code> (found
on the ESXi 5.5U2 installer ISO image). Conservancy has confirmed that
file is a compiled version of <code>tg3.c</code></p>
on the ESXi 6.0 installer ISO image). Conservancy has confirmed that
file is a compiled version of <code>tg3.c</code>.</p>
<h4>Conclusions</h4>
@ -472,7 +474,8 @@ static struct pci_driver tg3_driver = {
</ul>
<p>The above is but one piece of evidence among many, but hopefully it helps
to explain some of the &ldquo;combined work&rdquo; violations found in
VMware's ESXi product.</p>
VMware's ESXi product. Conservancy did a similar analysis for ESXi 5.0
as well as ESXi 5.5 Update 2 and found nearly identical results.</p>
<dt id="verify">How can I verify Conservancy's technical findings above?</dt>
@ -490,20 +493,20 @@ previously-mentioned <code>linux_pci.c</code>,
these steps (no login is required):</p>
<ol>
<li>Visit <a href="https://my.vmware.com/web/vmware/details?downloadGroup=ESXI55U2_OSS&productId=353">https://my.vmware.com/web/vmware/details?downloadGroup=ESXI55U2_OSS&productId=353</a>.</li>
<li>Visit <a href="https://my.vmware.com/web/vmware/details?downloadGroup=ESXI600_OSS&productId=491">https://my.vmware.com/web/vmware/details?downloadGroup=ESXI600_OSS&productId=491</a>.</li>
<li>Click the &ldquo;Download&rdquo; button beside the text that reads
&ldquo;Open Source Code for VMware vSphere ESXi 5.5 Update 2&rdquo;.</li>
&ldquo;Open source software accompanying ESXi&rdquo;.</li>
<li>Confirm that the SHA-1 hash matches the published one
(d121634668a137ec808b63679fd941cef9a59715), found under &ldquo;Read
(35811b981470abe8b606d8a7a97c9795ce570597), found under &ldquo;Read
More&rdquo; on that web page.</li>
<li>Mount (or otherwise open) the
downloaded <code>VMware-ESX-550U2-ODP.iso</code>.</li>
downloaded <code>VMware-ESXI-600-ODP.iso</code>.</li>
<li>Extract <code>vmkdrivers/src_92/vmklinux_92/vmware/linux_pci.c</code>
and <code>BLD/build/HEADERS/vmkapi-current-all-public/vmkernel64/release/device/vmkapi_pci_incompat.h</code>
and <code>BLD/build/HEADERS/vmkapi-current-all-public/generic/release/hardware/vmkapi_pci_incompat.h</code>
from <code>vmkdrivers-gpl/vmkdrivers-gpl.tgz</code> with tar and gzip.</li>
<li>Generate <code>vmklinux_9</code> by following the steps
@ -511,11 +514,11 @@ previously-mentioned <code>linux_pci.c</code>,
(Note: <code>vmklinux_9</code> is also available pre-built on a running
ESXi system; <a href="#vmklinux">see below for instructions on how to access it</a>).</li>
<li>You may need the &ldquo;Supporting Toolchain packages for VMware
vSphere ESXi 5.5.0 Update 2&rdquo; file from the above download page to
<li>You may need the &ldquo;Open source software disclosure package for
toolchain&rdquo; file from the above download page to
complete the build &mdash; upon downloading you will find it is named
<code>VMware-TOOLCHAIN-550u2-ODP.iso</code> and has a SHA-1 hash of
f679e81ffb2f92729917bbc64c2d541cf75b5b94.</li>
<code>VMware-TOOLCHAIN-600-ODP.iso</code> and has a SHA-1 hash of
9a68df4cbeb645c25002a02f11b1923f98d3d5b5.</li>
</ol>
@ -527,7 +530,7 @@ previously-mentioned <code>linux_pci.c</code>,
<li>Click the &ldquo;Activate Now&rdquo; link in the follow-up email. Enter
the password used at registration time. Click &ldquo;Continue&rdquo;.</li>
<li>Visit <a href="https://my.vmware.com/web/vmware/evalcenter?p=free-esxi5">https://my.vmware.com/web/vmware/evalcenter?p=free-esxi5</a>.</li>
<li>Visit <a href="https://my.vmware.com/web/vmware/evalcenter?p=free-esxi6">https://my.vmware.com/web/vmware/evalcenter?p=free-esxi6</a>.</li>
<li>Click &ldquo;Register&rdquo; (under the text that reads &ldquo;You have
not registered for this product&rdquo;).</li>
@ -535,16 +538,16 @@ previously-mentioned <code>linux_pci.c</code>,
<li>Enter the number of servers you plan to install on (e.g., 1). Click
&ldquo;Continue&rdquo;.</li>
<li>If the &ldquo;VMware vSphere Hypervisor 5.5 Update 2 &ndash;
<li>If the &ldquo;VMware vSphere Hypervisor 6.0 &ndash;
Binaries&rdquo; section is not expanded, click the plus sign next to it.</li>
<li>Click the &ldquo;Manually Download&rdquo; link that's beside &ldquo;ESXi
5.5 Update 2 ISO image (Includes VMware Tools)&rdquo;.</li>
ISO image (Includes VMware Tools)&rdquo;.</li>
<li>Confirm that the SHA-1 hash matches the published one (9475938b51cafc86c8b17d09f2493cb6b4fae927).</li>
<li>Confirm that the SHA-1 hash matches the published one (a38a9d37ea529329338de049679c1dd1687d3860).</li>
<li>Mount (or open via some other means) the
downloaded <code>VMware-VMvisor-Installer-5.5.0.update02-2068190.x86_64.iso</code>.</li>
downloaded <code>VMware-VMvisor-Installer-6.0.0-2494585.x86_64.iso</code>.</li>
<li>Find the <code>k.b00</code> file in the root directory. Extract it
using <code>zcat k.b00 &gt; vmvisor64-vmkernel</code> (or a similar command).
@ -618,7 +621,7 @@ copied Christoph's code into their product.</dd>
Samba Team</a></li>
<li><a href="http://sourceforge.net/p/swig/news/2015/03/defending-the-gpl/">The
SWIG Project</a></li>
<li><a href="https://plus.google.com/104877287288155269055/posts/cHgyreA76yY">Dave Airlie, Linux Developer</a></li>
<li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170911061201/https://plus.google.com/104877287288155269055/posts/cHgyreA76yY">Dave Airlie, Linux Developer</a></li>
<li><a href="https://twitter.com/mjg59/status/573530001758294016">Matthew Garrett, Linux Developer</a></li>
<li><a href="/news/2015/mar/05/vmware-lawsuit/#glikely">Grant Likely, Linux Kernel Engineer</a></li>
<li><a href="http://mina86.com/2015/03/11/the-time-has-come-to-stand-up-for-the-gpl/">Michal Nazarewicz, Linux Developer</a></li>

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@ -218,7 +218,6 @@ h3 { margin-top: .6em; margin-bottom: .4em; }
#container #sidebar.Eval ul li.Eval,
#container #sidebar.Overview ul li.Overview,
#container #sidebar.Contact ul li.Contact,
#container #sidebar.Officers ul li.Officers,
#container #sidebar.Staff ul li.Staff,
#container #sidebar.Outside ul li.Outside,
#container #sidebar.Filings ul li.Filings,

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@ -7,7 +7,6 @@
<li class="Overview"><a href="/about/index.html">Overview</a></li>
<li class="Contact"><a href="/about/contact">Contact</a></li>
<li class="Directors"><a href="/about/board/">Directors</a></li>
<li class="Officers"><a href="/about/officers/">Officers</a></li>
<li class="Staff"><a href="/about/staff/">Staff</a></li>
<li class="Eval"><a href="/about/eval-committee/">Evaluation Committee</a></li>
<li class="Outside"><a href="/about/outside/">Outside Counsel, et alia</a></li>

1
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@ -113,7 +113,6 @@ this_match_remaining: this_match_goal - this_match_so_far
<a href="https://mastodon.technology/@conservancy">Mastodon</a>,
<a href="https://twitter.com/conservancy">Twitter</a>,
<a href="https://identi.ca/conservancy">pump.io</a>,
<a href="https://plus.google.com/104268783278405704634/">Google+</a>,
<a href="https://www.facebook.com/SoftwareFreedomConservancy/">Facebook</a>,
and <a href="https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCUEeuNvX2UyTTyTYXR9dm_A">YouTube</a>.</p>

1
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@ -55,7 +55,6 @@
<li class="column"><a href="https://mastodon.technology/@conservancy">Mastodon</a></li>
<li class="column"><a href="https://twitter.com/conservancy">Twitter</a></li>
<li class="column"><a href="https://identi.ca/conservancy">pump.io</a></li>
<li class="column"><a href="https://plus.google.com/104268783278405704634/">Google+</a></li>
<li class="column"><a href="https://www.facebook.com/SoftwareFreedomConservancy/">Facebook</a></li>
<li class="column"><a href="https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCUEeuNvX2UyTTyTYXR9dm_A">YouTube</a></li>
<li class="column"><a href="/feeds/omnibus/">Full RSS feed</a></li>